Ppt. presentation on identifying/non-identifying clauses

http://www.slideshare.net/holly_cin/restrictiveclauses

You can download it or view it on the above site.

And here is a presentation I made (but forgot to use in class) on reported speech. I think this will make everything clear.

http://www.slideshare.net/holly_cin/reportedspeech-hc

Please comment if you find these helpful.

Blog Writing #14: Writing about Your Country's Economy (due Friday, 11/2)

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EW, p. 81, exercise 3.  Write 3 sentences using the new vocabulary from exercises 1 and 2.

Adjective Clause Quiz/Practice

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0073406414/student_view0/chapter9/parts_1_and_2.html

You should try the first four quizzes.

If these are helpful, please let me know. (If these are helpful--adverb clause of condition)

Also let me know if they're not helpful. (If they're not helpful--noun clause as the object)

Blog Writing #13: Adjective Clauses (due Friday, 11/2)

Please write a paragraph about your ideal husband or your ideal wife. Use as many adjective clauses as possible.

Example: My ideal husband is someone whom I can confide in when I have troubles. He is the man who will stay with me forever, even when I get old, fat, and sick.

I look forward to reading your posts, which you should complete ON SCHEDULE!

Musical Lesson: Object Relative Clause

"The One that You Love," by Air Supply (from my teenage years...)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kH8jzBb9c0

Highlighted parts are noun clauses, not adjective clauses

Now the night has gone
Now the night has gone away
Doesn't seem that long
We hardly had two words to say
Hold me in your arms for just another day
I promise this one will go slow
Oh, we have the right you know
We have the right you know

Don't say the morning's come
Don't say the morning's come, so soon
Must we end this way
When so much here is hard to lose?
Love is everywhere; I know it is.
Such moments as this are too few
Oh, it's all up to you
It's all up to you

(Chorus) Here I am, the one that you love
Asking for another day
Understand, the one that you love
Loves you in so many ways

Tell me we can stay
Tell me we can stay, oh please
Those are the words to say
The only words I can believe
Hold me in your arms for just another day
I promise this one will go slow
Oh, we have the right you know
We have the right you know

(Chorus (2X))
The night has gone, a part of yesterday
I don't know what to say (reduced from what I should say)
I don't know what to say

Musical Lesson: Subject Relative Clause

"I Wanna Dance with Somebody Who Loves Me," by Whitney Houston

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3KhhY9iwn-w

Clock strikes upon the hour
And the sun begins to fade
Still enough time to figure out
How to chase my blues away
I've done alright up till now
It's the light of day that shows me how
And when the night falls the loneliness calls

Chorus:
Oh I wanna dance with somebody
I wanna feel the heat with somebody
Yeah I wanna dance with somebody
With somebody who loves me
Oh I wanna dance with somebody
I wanna feel the heat with somebody
Yeah I wanna dance with somebody
With somebody who loves me

I've been in love and lost my senses
Spinning through the town
Sooner or later the fever ends
And I wind up feeling down
I need a man who'll take a chance
On a love that burns hot enough to last
So when the night falls
My lonely heart calls

Chorus:
Oh I wanna dance with somebody
I wanna feel the heat with somebody
Yeah I wanna dance with somebody
With  somebody who loves me
Oh I wanna dance with somebody
I wanna feel the heat
Yeah I wanna dance with somebody
With somebody who loves me

Somebody who somebody who
Somebody who loves me
Somebody who somebody who
To hold me in his arms oh
I need a man who'll take a chance
On a love that burns hot enough to last
So when the night falls
My lonely heart calls.

Have a great weekend

Blog writing #11, 12, 12.2, 13, and the noun clause song contest are all due before returning to class on Tuesday.

I hope that you will come to the picnic on Sunday if you're in town. I'll be there from 1-4. Come whenever you can. I'll be making hot chocolate because it should be a nice, chilly day (but sunny).

Is anybody coming from Katy? Can you give Mariana a ride?

From Mariana

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmGVYki-oyQ

Quoted and reported speech from today's class

“Dad, I want to quit school and go to work,” Jim murmured.

Jim murmured to his father that he wanted to quit school and go to work.

“Jim, how would you evaluate your education?” his father asked.

His father asked Jim how he would evaluate his education.

Jim responded, “I absolutely hate going to school!”(exclamation)

Jim said that he absolutely hated going to school.

“Jim,” Frank said, “you’re crazy if you think it’s going to be easy to get a job.”

Frank told Jim he was crazy if he thought it was going to be easy.

Frank said, “Jim, don’t be a fool!” (exclamation)

Frank told Jim not to be fool.

Jim’s parents asked, “Frank, when are you going to start taking your future seriously?”

Jim’s parents asked him when he  was going to start taking his future seriously.

Blog Writing #12.2: Reported Speech (due Monday, 10/29)

Go back to blog writing #12.  Reply to your original comment and write the sentences in reported speech.


Example:

Quoted speech:
"I heard you the first time," Ricky said to Lucy, "but what language is it?"

Reported speech:

Ricky told Lucy that he had heard her the first time but he didn't know what language it was.

Texas Renaissance Festival

Tickets for the TexRenFest are now for sale in room 118. 

This is a great event that you shouldn't miss! 

Building Your Vocabulary

In order for you to improve your vocabulary in general, I have given you access to the on-line materials available at Townsend Press. So when you log in, go to the vocabulary book. Although I am not going to test you on this, I recommend that you try to do 2-3 chapters a week on your own. It is not required, but this is truly a wonderful way for you to build your vocabulary substantially each week. Increasing your vocabulary will make reading much easier and far more enjoyable for you.

Blog Writing #12: Quoted Speech (due Monday, 10/29)

Watch the following video. With a partner, write 10 sentences from the dialogue in the video in quoted speech. There are many ways to do this. Please vary your style and word choice of your reporting verbs to make it interesting.

For instance,
"I heard you the first time," Ricky said to Lucy, "but what language is it?"

http://www.schooltube.com/video/8d94448e0ba3a3f756b9/I-Love-Lucy-Ricky-has-problems-with-English

Some humor...

One day God was looking down at

earth and saw all of the rascally behavior       

that was going on...

So He called His angels and sent

one to earth for a time.

When the angel returned,

he told God,'Yes, it is bad on earth;

95% are misbehaving and only

5% are not.

God thought for a moment and said,

'Maybe I had better send down a second

angel to get another opinion.'

So God called another angel and sent

her to earth for a time.

When the angel returned she went to

God and said, 'Yes, it's true. The earth

is in decline; 95% are misbehaving,

but 5% are being good...'

God was not pleased.

So He decided to e-mail the 5%

who were good, because he wanted to

encourage them, and give them a little

something to help them keep going.

Do you know what the e-mail said?

Okay, ……………I was just wondering,

because I didn't get one either.

Picnic on Sunday

Let's get together for some fun, frisbee, and football at Godwin Park, which is located near my home at 5101 Rutherglenn Drive  Houston, Texas 77096.

From 1-4.

Bring your friends.  

Let me know if you need a ride. We'll arrange rides, so don't worry.

LCC Social Events

The LCC would like to have a weekly social event. This week, the event is the UH football game on Saturday. Students can meet at the fountain outside the LCC at 2 pm, walk to the tailgate at 2:30, and go to the game at 3:30.  Conversation Club guides will be wearing LCC T-shirts. We'll encourage students to wear their T-shirts, too. To get in for free, students must bring their UH IDs.  Details will be posted on Facebook and the bulletin board.

My response to your noun clauses is on Voicethread

https://voicethread.com/groups/subscribe/74669/26ede6691/

Paulina and Mohammed, I noticed that you're not on voicethread.  Maybe you were absent when we did it in the call lab. Please go to the link above and listen.

Noun clause song contest (due Monday, 10/29)

Think of the English songs that you love. Do any of them have good noun clauses? A prize will be awarded (by yours truly) to the best suggestion. You have until Friday to submit your ideas. Please post your songs as comments. You should CAPITALIZE all of your noun clauses.

Weekly schedule for this week has been posted under weekly schedules. I'll give you a hard copy in class tomorrow.

Blog Writing #11: Indirect Speech (due Monday, 10/26))

Go to p. 186 in FOG (exercise 6). Listen to your cd and then answer the 8 questions here on the blog.

Blog Writing #13: A Funny Story (due Monday 10/29)

Write a composition (three to five paragraphs) about a situation that you witnessed or participated in that you found humorous. It could involve a misunderstanding. Describe the situation fully, using a number of supporting details. Explain why the situation was funny for you. Also, be sure to include both direct and indirect speech.

Use some of the following phrases:

One day, something funny happened. What happened was...
At first, I thought that...
Then I realized that...
How this happened is something that...
What I heard was...
What I said was...
I wanted to know whether...
I didn't believe that...
Perhaps one day I will comprehend why...
I am convinced that...

Have a great weekend

Bowling was a blast. I want to say thank you so much to Fahad for picking up the tab for all of us. That was both kind and generous.

For Monday... unit 10, ex. 5, ex. 7 (with the cd), and unit 10 review on p. 172.
In addition, read pp. 173-174 and answer the questions on p. 175.
A few things to do on the blog as well...

Also, in EW, read pp. 74-78. We might get to this on Monday, maybe Tuesday.

Finally, week 6 is midterm week, which means midterm exams. I'll give you a writing test in the call lab next week on Thursday and a grammar test on either Thursday or Friday. The grammar test will be on modals (units 4 and 5) and noun clauses (units 10 and 11). I will give you some work to review next week.

Enjoy the magnificent weather.

Get some rest.

See you Monday!

Blog Writing #10.3: Noun Clauses (due Friday, 10/18)

Here is a chance for you to ask me a personal question, but you have to use a noun clause.

You can start it like this:
Holly, I'd like to know what your middle name is.

Or...
Holly, could you tell me what your middle name is?

Or... if you have another way to ask the question using a noun clause, TERRIFIC.

I'm not sure WHICH QUESTIONS I'LL ANSWER yet. Let's see what you come up with!

Ask me three questions.

Blog Writing 10.2 (due Friday)

Listen to the conversation (exercise 6, p. 168). Answer the questions using noun clauses.

Blog writing #10 (due Friday)

Explain the bumper stickers on p.  of FOG. Use a noun clause in your answer. The instructions--and an example--are in the book.

Website to review noun clauses

http://www.grammar-quizzes.com/nounclausesum.html

Musical Lesson: Noun Clauses beginning with question words

"I Want to Know What Love Is," by Foreigner

"what love is" is a noun clause. It is the object of the verb "know."

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnsuaCU5igg

I gotta take a little time
A little time to think things over
I('d) better read between the lines
In case I need it when I'm older
Aaaah woah-ah-aah

Now this mountain I must climb
Feels like a world upon my shoulders
And through the clouds I see love shine
It keeps me warm as life grows colder

In my life there's been heartache and pain
I don't know if I can face it again
Can't stop now, I've traveled so far
To change this lonely life

I wanna know what love is
I want you to show me
I wanna feel what love is
I know you can show me
Aaaah woah-oh-ooh

I'm gonna take a little time
A little time to look around me, oooh ooh-ooh ooh-ooh oooh
I've got nowhere left to hide
It looks like love has finally found me

In my life there's been heartache and pain
I don't know if I can face it again
I can't stop now, I've traveled so far
To change this lonely life

I wanna know what love is
I want you to show me
I wanna feel what love is
I know you can show me
I wanna know what love is
I want you to show me
And I wanna feel, I want to feel what love is
And I know, I know you can show me

Let's talk about love
(I wanna know what love is) the love that you feel inside
(I want you to show me) I'm feeling so much love
(I wanna feel what love is) no, you just cannot hide
(I know you can show me) yeah, woah-oh-ooh
I wanna know what love is, let's talk about love
(I want you to show me) I wanna feel it too
(I wanna feel what love is) I wanna feel it too
And I know, and I know, I know you can show me
Show me what is real, woah (woah), yeah I know
(I wanna know what love is) hey I wanna know what love
(I want you to show me), I wanna know, I wanna know, want know
(I wanna feel what love is), hey I wanna feel, love
I know you can show me, yeah

Musical Lesson: Noun Clauses

Adele:  "Someone Like You"

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qemWRToNYJY

I heard that you're settled down

That you found a girl and you're married now

I heard that your dreams came true

Guess she gave you things I didn't give to you

Old friend, why are you so shy?

Ain't like you to hold back or hide from the light

I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited

But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it

I had hoped you'd see my face and that you'd be reminded

That for me, it isn't over

Never mind, I'll find someone like you

I wish nothing but the best for you, too

Don't forget me, I begged,

I remember you said,

Sometimes it lasts in love, but sometimes it hurts instead

Sometimes it lasts in love, but sometimes it hurts instead

You know how the time flies

Only yesterday was the time of our lives

We were born and raised in a summer haze

Bound by the surprise of our glory days

I hate to turn up out of the blue, uninvited

But I couldn't stay away, I couldn't fight it

I had hoped you'd see my face and that you'd be reminded

That for me, it isn't over yet

Never mind, I'll find someone like you

I wish nothing but the best for you, too

Don't forget me, I begged,

I remember you said,

Sometimes it lasts in love, but sometimes it hurts instead, yeah

Nothing compares, no worries or cares

Regrets and mistakes, they're memories made

Who would have known how bittersweet this would taste?

Never mind, I'll find someone like you

I wish nothing but the best for you

Don't forget me, I begged,

I remember you said,

Sometimes it lasts in love, but sometimes it hurts instead

Never mind, I'll find someone like you

I wish nothing but the best for you, too

Don't forget me, I begged,

I remember you said,

Sometimes it lasts in love, but sometimes it hurts instead

Sometimes it lasts in love, but sometimes it hurts instead

Yichen is right

and I was mistaken. Roosevelt was president of the US for 12 years. The 8-year term limit was instituted after Roosevelt's presidency.

How ironic that a Chinese student is teaching the American teacher American history!

Tonight's Presidential Debate

I wasn't sure about the issues to be discussed in the debate tonight, and now I know why. The format is called a "Town Hall," where undecided voters in the audience get to ask the candidates questions, unlike the prior debate which was conducted by a moderator asking the questions. The questions are pre-screened to make sure they are appropriate so we can expect DECORUM in the room.

I'm getting my popcorn ready...

"Town Hall" Presidential Debate tonight at 9pm et / 6pm pt

By Nate, on October 16th, 2012

The second in the series of three Presidential Debates will take place tonight featuring a "town hall" style format from Hofstra University in Hempstead, New York. This debate will be 90 minutes long and will featured pre-screened questions from a group of undecided voters. The topics will range from domestic to foreign policy and everything in between. We will have the live stream embedded so you can watch the debate right here on this page.
Air Time: Tuesday, October 16, 2012 @ 8pm
Channels: ABC, NBC, FOX, CBS, CNN, Fox News, MSNBC and more including CNN Espanol and others

Today's Taboos

In America, we say that there three topics to avoid discussing at a party:  Sex, Religion, and Politics.
Well, I covered all three today in class!

The Vice Presidential Debates: Great Listening Practice!

We haven't spoken about the upcoming election or about the presidential debates. However, if you're interested in practicing listening and getting an education in American politics, this is a great opportunity.

To do some pre-listening, read the following short article:
http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/OTUS/eleven-things-hear-tonights-vice-presidential-debate/story?id=17453918#.UHdYdhiAFLA

You can watch the debate on line or on tv. (NBC).  The debate begins at 8p.m.

If you're not interested, that's okay. But this is history in the making and you're right here on the middle of it!

Feel free to post comments if you watch it.

For tomorrow, in the writing book do exercises 6 and 7.
Also in the writing book:  p. 254-255. Read 7b on parallel structure and do exercise 11.

Blog Writing #8: Modals of Past Certainty (in the Call Lab)

You are detectives trying to solve the murder of Amy LaTour. You have looked at all of the clues and have examined all of the evidence. As a team, explain your theory of who the murderer was. Use modals of past certainty to determine your answer. Tell us who it could or might have been, who it couldn't have been, who it had to have been (must have been), and why it could or couldn't have been them, etc...

Publish one answer per team.

Voicethread

https://voicethread.com/groups/subscribe/74669/26ede6691/

Musical Lesson: Past Certainty

"It Must Have Been Love," by Roxette

http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x1hi9b_roxette-it-must-have-been-love_music

Lay a whisper on my pillow
Leave the winter on the ground
I wake up lonely, is there a silence
In the bedroom and all around

Touch me now, I close my eyes
And dream away...

It must have been love, but it's over now
It must have been good, but I lost it somehow
It must have been love, but it's over now
From the moment we touched till the time had run out

Make believing we're together
That I'm sheltered by your heart
But in and outside I turn to water
Like a teardrop in your palm

And it's a hard winter's day
I dream away...

It must have been love, but it's over now
It was all that I wanted, now I'm living without
It must have been love, but it's over now
It's where the water flows, it's where the wind blows

It must have been love, but it's over now
It must have been good, but I lost it somehow
It must have been love, but it's over now
From the moment we touched till the time had run out

Musical Lesson: Modals of Certainty (may and might)

"You May Be Right," by Billy Joel
This is an old song but I think all Americans over 35 years old are familiar with it.

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ie5-LrulBGk

(The lyrics are on the video.)

Blog Writing #7.6

Respond to blog writing #7.2 by replying to the person who posted their advice question before you. Don't respond here!

Website to help you with typing

http://www.typingweb.com/tutor/

If you're not a quick typist or if you're not comfortable with the English keyboard, this is an excellent website to help you develop proficiency. While you don't need to type fast for the purpose of this class, good typing is an essential life skill.

Website to review verb tenses

http://www.englishpage.com/verbpage/simplefuture.html

This site is a great way to review what we've learned so far. You will find practice tests if you scroll down to the bottom.

Musical Lesson: Past form of should (hindsight advice)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1P7P728pjLA

I have always loved The Beatles!

I should have known better with a girl like you
That I would love everything that you do
And I do, hey, hey, hey, and I do.
Whoa, whoa, I never realized what a kiss could be
This could only happen to me;
Can't you see, can't you see?
That when I tell you that I love you, oh,
You're gonna say you love me too, hoo, hoo, hoo, hoo, oh,
And when I ask you to be mine,
You're gonna say you love me too.

So, I should have realized a lot of things before
If this is love you've gotta give me more
Give me more, hey hey hey, give me more
Whoa, whoa, I never realized what a kiss could be
This could only happen to me
Can't you see, can't you see?
That when I tell you that I love you, oh
You're gonna say you love me too, oh
And when I ask you to be mine,
You're gonna say you love me too,
You love me too
You love me too

Musical Lesson: Future Time Clause

"When I'm 64," by the Beatles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGtSpsYURAQ

When I get older, losing my hair, many years from now
Will you still be sending me a valentine, birthday greetings, bottle of wine?
If I'd been out 'til quarter to three, would you lock the door?
Will you still need me, will you still feed me when I'm sixty-four?

You'll be older too
Ah, and if you say the word, I could stay with you

I could be handy, mending a fuse when your lights have gone
You can knit a sweater by the fireside, Sunday mornings, go for a ride
Doing the garden, digging the weeds, who could ask for more?
Will you still need me, will you still feed me when I'm sixty-four?

Every summer we can rent a cottage
In the Isle of Wight if it's not to, dear
We shall scrimp and save
Ah, grandchildren on your knee, Vera, Chuck and Dave

Send me a postcard, drop me a line stating point of view
Indicate precisely what you mean to say, yours sincerely wasting away
Give me your answer, fill in a form, mine forever more
Will you still need me, will you still feed me when I'm sixty-four?

Musical Lesson: Simple Future

"I Will Always Love You," by Whitney Houston

I don't have enough time to do every song with you in class, but if you enjoy learning through music, listen to this and follow along with the words.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_a35UwZlFvs

If I should stay,
I would only be in your way.
So I'll go, but I know
I'll think of you every step of the way.

And I will always love you.
I will always love you.
You, my darling you. Hmm.

Bittersweet memories
That is all I'm taking with me.
So, goodbye. Please, don't cry.
We both know I'm not what you need.

And I will always love you.
I will always love you.

I hope life treats you kind
And I hope you have all you've dreamed of.
And I wish to you, joy and happiness.
But above all this, I wish you love.

And I will always love you.
I will always love you.
I will always love you.
I will always love you.
I will always love you.
I, I will always love you.

You, darling, I love you.
Ooh, I'll always, I'll always love you.

Blog Writing #7.5: Past Modals (due Sunday 10/7)

Write a paragraph about on embarrassing incident in your life. What could, should, or might you have done to avoid it?

Blog Writing #7.4: Hindsight Advice (past modals) (due Sunday 10/7)

Write what you think the people in the following situations SHOULD HAVE DONE, OUGHT TO HAVE DONE or SHOULD'NT HAVE DONE.  You MUST respond to all four situations.

1.  Abdulrahman and his wife, Mrs. Alsowaie, had good jobs as professionals in Riyadh. Abdulrahman was offered a full scholarship at the LCC, which he immediately accepted. Mrs. Alsowaie was shocked when Abdulrahman came home that evening and told her the news. She liked her job and the people she worked with, and did not want to move to a foreign country where the weather was unbearable and the people didn't know how to cook.

2. Paulina agreed to meet her friend Abdulaziz at the library to help him with his English homework. On the way, she stopped at a cafe where her boyfriend (who looked like Brad Pitt) worked. Her boyfriend told her that he could get off work early that night, so the two of them decided to go to a movie. Paulina didn't cancel her plans with Abdulaziz, so Abdulaziz waited three hours for her at the library.

3. For three years, Fahad had been saving his money for a trip to Houston. His brother, Wahad, had a good job, but spent all of his money on expensive cars, clothes, and entertainment. Suddenly, Wahad was fired from his job and had no money to support himself while he looked for another one. Fahad lent him nearly all of his savings, and within three weeks Wahad spent it all on his car, more clothes, and expensive restaurants.

4. Natsume often exaggerated and once told a co-worker that she was fluent in French, even though she had studied only a little and could not really communicate in the language. A few days later, Natsume's boss asked her to come to his office to interpret a meeting with a French businessman who had just arrived from Paris to negotiate a major contract with the company. After an embarrassed silence, Natsume told her boss that she was feeling ill and had to go home immediately.

Blog Writing #7.3: Modals of Advice (due Friday 10/5)

I'm planning to visit your country at the end of this term and I need your advice. Please tell me what I need to know in order to have a safe and enjoyable visit.

Use several of the modals/expressions for advice and suggestions that we've practiced so far: should, shouldn't, had better (not), must (not), ought to, (not) supposed to, could, why don't you, don't have to, and have to.

Your response should be in paragraph form. You can start your response like this:

Holly, I'm so excited that you've decided to come visit my country. In order for you to have a safe and enjoyable visit in (UAE, KSA, China, Venezuela, Japan, Poland), here is what you need to know. First, ... Second, ... Third,... and Lastly,... You have to DEVELOP your paragraph, which means you MUST provide enough support for each point you make.

Blog Writing #7.2 (due Friday 10/5)

Write a letter to an advice columnist in a newspaper. Make up a personal problem for the columnist to solve. Use a variety of modals and describe the problem as fully as possible.

Do not write the response to the letter, just the letter explaining the problem and asking for advice.

Here is an example:

Dear Abby,
I've suspected that my husband has been fooling around, and when confronted with the evidence, he denied everything - and said it would never happen again. I've been married for 10 years and I don't want to get a divorce. What should I do? - Tess

Here are some more real letters for you to look at:
http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070618/LIFE/706180307

Blog Writing #7: Modals of Advice (Call Lab--due Thursday 10/4)

For this post, ask for advice for a physical or mental problem that you have.

For example:  I have had the hiccups for the past three days and I cannot get rid of them. Please tell me what I should do. Be CREATIVE with your problem.

Things to do in Houston with Veronica

Hi all!!!
Here are some activities that come to Houston in the next days. Are you interested in???


http://www.galvestonoktoberfest.com/                      http://www.koreanfestivalhouston.com/

Retrieved from www.galvestonfest.com

Retrieved from www.koreanfestivalhouston.com

I plan to participate in both, so if you want to take part in, just let me know!!!

Saludos,  Vero

Blog Writing #6: More past perfect (due Thursday, 10/4)

What is something that you had never done before in your life you came to the US?  Explain.

Vocabulary slides from level 6 (optional)

I will post all slideshows here. Feel free to download.

http://www.slideshare.net/holly_cin/10stepslistone-14566757

I still don't knpw how to use the bloggeerrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr !!